ThegreatestlengthorbreadthofafullgrowninhabitantofFlatlandmaybeestimatedataboutelevenofyourinches.Twelveinchesmayberegardedasamaximum. OurWomenareStraightLines. OurSoldiersandLowestClassofWorkmenareTriangleswithtwoequalsides,eachaboutelevenincheslong,andabaseorthirdsidesoshort(oftennotexceedinghalfaninch)thattheyformattheirverticesaverysharpandformidableangle. Indeedwhentheirbasesareofthemostdegradedtype(notmorethantheeighthpartofaninchinsize),theycanhardlybedistinguishedfromStraightlinesorWomen;soextremelypointedaretheirvertices. Withus,aswithyou,theseTrianglesaredistinguishedfromothersbybeingcalledIsosceles;andbythisnameIshallrefertotheminthefollowingpages. OurMiddleClassconsistsofEquilateralorEqual-SidedTriangles. OurProfessionalMenandGentlemenareSquares(towhichclassImyselfbelong)andFive-SidedFiguresorPentagons. NextabovethesecometheNobility,ofwhomthereareseveraldegrees,beginningatSix-SidedFigures,orHexagons,andfromthencerisinginthenumberoftheirsidestilltheyreceivethehonourabletitleofPolygonal,ormany-Sided. Finallywhenthenumberofthesidesbecomessonumerous,andthesidesthemselvesosmall,thatthefigurecannotbedistinguishedfromacircle,heisincludedintheCircularorPriestlyorder;andthisisthehighestclassofall. ItisaLawofNaturewithusthatamalechildshallhaveonemoresidethanhisfather,sothateachgenerationshallrise(asarule)onestepinthescaleofdevelopmentandnobility. ThusthesonofaSquareisaPentagon;thesonofaPentagon,aHexagon;andsoon. ButthisruleappliesnotalwaystotheTradesman,andstilllessoftentotheSoldiers,andtotheWorkmen;whoindeedcanhardlybesaidtodeservethenameofhumanFigures,sincetheyhavenotalltheirsidesequal. WiththemthereforetheLawofNaturedoesnothold;andthesonofanIsosceles(i.e.aTrianglewithtwosidesequal)remainsIsoscelesstill. Nevertheless,allhopeisnotsuchout,evenfromtheIsosceles,thathisposteritymayultimatelyriseabovehisdegradedcondition. For,afteralongseriesofmilitarysuccesses,ordiligentandskillfullabours,itisgenerallyfoundthatthemoreintelligentamongtheArtisanandSoldierclassesmanifestaslightincreaseoftheirthirdsideorbase,andashrinkageofthetwoothersides. Intermarriages(arrangedbythePriests)betweenthesonsanddaughtersofthesemoreintellectualmembersofthelowerclassesgenerallyresultinanoffspringapproximatingstillmoretothetypeoftheEqual-SidedTriangle. Rarely—inproportiontothevastnumbersofIsoscelesbirths—isagenuineandcertifiableEqual-SidedTriangleproducedfromIsoscelesparents.1Suchabirthrequires,asitsantecedents,notonlyaseriesofcarefullyarrangedintermarriages,butalsoalong-continuedexerciseoffrugalityandself-controlonthepartofthewould-beancestorsofthecomingEquilateral,andapatient,systematic,andcontinuousdevelopmentoftheIsoscelesintellectthroughmanygenerations. ThebirthofaTrueEquilateralTrianglefromIsoscelesparentsisthesubjectofrejoicinginourcountryformanyfurlongsround. AfterastrictexaminationconductedbytheSanitaryandSocialBoard,theinfant,ifcertifiedasRegular,iswithsolemnceremonialadmittedintotheclassofEquilaterals. HeisthenimmediatelytakenfromhisproudyetsorrowingparentsandadoptedbysomechildlessEquilateral,whoisboundbyoathnevertopermitthechildhenceforthtoenterhisformerhomeorsomuchastolookuponhisrelationsagain,forfearlestthefreshlydevelopedorganismmay,byforceofunconsciousimitation,fallbackagainintohishereditarylevel. TheoccasionalemergenceofanEquilateralfromtheranksofhisserf-bornancestorsiswelcomed,notonlybythepoorserfsthemselves,asagleamoflightandhopesheduponthemonotonoussqualoroftheirexistence,butalsobytheAristocracyatlarge;forallthehigherclassesarewellawarethattheserarephenomena,whiletheydolittleornothingtovulgarizetheirownprivileges,serveasalmostusefulbarrieragainstrevolutionfrombelow. Hadtheacute-angledrabblebeenall,withoutexception,absolutelydestituteofhopeandofambition,theymighthavefoundleadersinsomeoftheirmanyseditiousoutbreaks,soableastorendertheirsuperiornumbersandstrengthtoomuchevenforthewisdomoftheCircles. ButawiseordinanceofNaturehasdecreedthat,inproportionastheworking-classesincreaseinintelligence,knowledge,andallvirtue,inthatsameproportiontheiracuteangle(whichmakesthemphysicallyterrible)shallincreasealsoandapproximatetotheircomparativelyharmlessangleoftheEquilateralTriangle. Thus,inthemostbrutalandformidableoffthesoldierclass—creaturesalmostonalevelwithwomenintheirlackofintelligence—itisfoundthat,astheywaxinthementalabilitynecessarytoemploytheirtremendouspenetratingpowertoadvantage,sodotheywaneinthepowerofpenetrationitself. HowadmirableistheLawofCompensation! Andhowperfectaproofofthenaturalfitnessand,Imayalmostsay,thedivineoriginofthearistocraticconstitutionoftheStatesofFlatland! ByajuidicioususeofthisLawofNature,thePolygonsandCirclesarealmostalwaysabletostifleseditioninitsverycradle,takingadvantageoftheirrepressibleandboundlesshopefulnessofthehumanmind. ArtalsocomestotheaidofLawandOrder. Itisgenerallyfoundpossible—byalittleartificialcompressionorexpansiononthepartoftheStatephysicians—tomakesomeofthemoreintelligentleadersofarebellionperfectlyRegular,andtoadmitthematonceintotheprivilegedclasses;amuchlargernumber,whoarestillbelowthestandard,alluredbytheprospectofbeingultimatelyennobled,areinducedtoentertheStateHospitals,wheretheyarekeptinhonourableconfinementforlife;oneortwoaloneofthemostobstinate,foolish,andhopelesslyirregularareledtoexecution. ThenthewretchedrabbleoftheIsosceles,planlessandleaderless,areethertransfixedwithoutresistancebythesmallbodyoftheirbrethrenwhomtheChiefCirclekeepsinpayforemergenciesofthiskind;orelsemoreoften,bymeansofjealousiesandsuspiciousskillfullyfomentedamongthembytheCircularparty,theyarestirredtomutualwarfare,andperishbyoneanother'sangles. Nolessthanonehundredandtwentyrebellionsarerecordedinourannals,besidesminoroutbreaksnumberedattwohundredandthirty-five;andtheyhaveallendedthus. Footnote1."Whatneedofacertificate?" aSpacelandcriticmayask:"IsnottheprocreationofaSquareSonacertificatefromNatureherself,provingtheEqual-sidednessoftheFather?" IreplythatnoLadyofanypositionwillmaryanuncertifiedTriangle. SquareoffspringhassometimesresultedfromaslightlyIrregularTriangle;butinalmosteverysuchcasetheIrregularityofthefirstgenerationisvisitedonthethird;whicheitherfailstoattainthePentagonalrank,orrelapsestotheTriangular.