Butwhileweareconfinedtobooks,thoughthemostselectandclassic,andreadonlyparticularwrittenlanguages,whicharethemselvesbutdialectsandprovincial,weareindangerofforgettingthelanguagewhichallthingsandeventsspeakwithoutmetaphor,whichaloneiscopiousandstandard.Muchispublished,butlittleprinted. Therayswhichstreamthroughtheshutterwillbenolongerrememberedwhentheshutteriswhollyremoved. Nomethodnordisciplinecansupersedethenecessityofbeingforeveronthealert. Whatisacourseofhistoryorphilosophy,orpoetry,nomatterhowwellselected,orthebestsociety,orthemostadmirableroutineoflife,comparedwiththedisciplineoflookingalwaysatwhatistobeseen? Willyoubeareader,astudentmerely,oraseer? Readyourfate,seewhatisbeforeyou,andwalkonintofuturity. Ididnotreadbooksthefirstsummer;Ihoedbeans.Nay,Ioftendidbetterthanthis. ThereweretimeswhenIcouldnotaffordtosacrificethebloomofthepresentmomenttoanywork,whetheroftheheadorhands.Iloveabroadmargintomylife. Sometimes,inasummermorning,havingtakenmyaccustomedbath,Isatinmysunnydoorwayfromsunrisetillnoon,raptinarevery,amidstthepinesandhickoriesandsumachs,inundisturbedsolitudeandstillness,whilethebirdssingaroundorflittednoiselessthroughthehouse,untilbythesunfallinginatmywestwindow,orthenoiseofsometraveller'swagononthedistanthighway,Iwasremindedofthelapseoftime. Igrewinthoseseasonslikecorninthenight,andtheywerefarbetterthananyworkofthehandswouldhavebeen. Theywerenottimesubtractedfrommylife,butsomuchoverandabovemyusualallowance. IrealizedwhattheOrientalsmeanbycontemplationandtheforsakingofworks. Forthemostpart,Imindednothowthehourswent. Thedayadvancedasiftolightsomeworkofmine;itwasmorning,andlo,nowitisevening,andnothingmemorableisaccomplished. Insteadofsinginglikethebirds,Isilentlysmiledatmyincessantgoodfortune. Asthesparrowhaditstrill,sittingonthehickorybeforemydoor,sohadImychuckleorsuppressedwarblewhichhemighthearoutofmynest. Mydayswerenotdaysoftheweek,bearingthestampofanyheathendeity,norweretheymincedintohoursandfrettedbythetickingofaclock;forIlivedlikethePuriIndians,ofwhomitissaidthat"foryesterday,today,andtomorrowtheyhaveonlyoneword,andtheyexpressthevarietyofmeaningbypointingbackwardforyesterdayforwardfortomorrow,andoverheadforthepassingday." Thiswassheeridlenesstomyfellow–townsmen,nodoubt;butifthebirdsandflowershadtriedmebytheirstandard,Ishouldnothavebeenfoundwanting. Amanmustfindhisoccasionsinhimself,itistrue. Thenaturaldayisverycalm,andwillhardlyreprovehisindolence. Ihadthisadvantage,atleast,inmymodeoflife,overthosewhowereobligedtolookabroadforamusement,tosocietyandthetheatre,thatmylifeitselfwasbecomemyamusementandneverceasedtobenovel. Itwasadramaofmanyscenesandwithoutanend. Ifwewerealways,indeed,gettingourliving,andregulatingourlivesaccordingtothelastandbestmodewehadlearned,weshouldneverbetroubledwithennui. Followyourgeniuscloselyenough,anditwillnotfailtoshowyouafreshprospecteveryhour.Houseworkwasapleasantpastime. Whenmyfloorwasdirty,Iroseearly,and,settingallmyfurnitureoutofdoorsonthegrass,bedandbedsteadmakingbutonebudget,dashedwateronthefloor,andsprinkledwhitesandfromthepondonit,andthenwithabroomscrubbeditcleanandwhite;andbythetimethevillagershadbrokentheirfastthemorningsunhaddriedmyhousesufficientlytoallowmetomoveinagain,andmymeditationswerealmostuninterupted. Itwaspleasanttoseemywholehouseholdeffectsoutonthegrass,makingalittlepilelikeagypsy'spack,andmythree–leggedtable,fromwhichIdidnotremovethebooksandpenandink,standingamidthepinesandhickories. Theyseemedgladtogetoutthemselves,andasifunwillingtobebroughtin. Iwassometimestemptedtostretchanawningoverthemandtakemyseatthere. Itwasworththewhiletoseethesunshineonthesethings,andhearthefreewindblowonthem;somuchmoreinterestingmostfamiliarobjectslookoutofdoorsthaninthehouse. Abirdsitsonthenextbough,life–everlastinggrowsunderthetable,andblackberryvinesrunrounditslegs;pinecones,chestnutburs,andstrawberryleavesarestrewnabout. Itlookedasifthiswasthewaytheseformscametobetransferredtoourfurniture,totables,chairs,andbedsteads—becausetheyoncestoodintheirmidst. Myhousewasonthesideofahill,immediatelyontheedgeofthelargerwood,inthemidstofayoungforestofpitchpinesandhickories,andhalfadozenrodsfromthepond,towhichanarrowfootpathleddownthehill. Inmyfrontyardgrewthestrawberry,blackberry,andlife–everlasting,johnswortandgoldenrod,shruboaksandsandcherry,blueberryandgroundnut. NeartheendofMay,thesandcherry(Cerasuspumila)adornedthesidesofthepathwithitsdelicateflowersarrangedinumbelscylindricallyaboutitsshortstems,whichlast,inthefall,weigheddownwithgoodsizedandhandsomecherries,felloverinwreathslikeraysoneveryside. ItastedthemoutofcomplimenttoNature,thoughtheywerescarcelypalatable. Thesumach(Rhusglabra)grewluxuriantlyaboutthehouse,pushingupthroughtheembankmentwhichIhadmade,andgrowingfiveorsixfeetthefirstseason. Itsbroadpinnatetropicalleafwaspleasantthoughstrangetolookon. Thelargebuds,suddenlypushingoutlateinthespringfromdrystickswhichhadseemedtobedead,developedthemselvesasbymagicintogracefulgreenandtenderboughs,aninchindiameter;andsometimes,asIsatatmywindow,soheedlesslydidtheygrowandtaxtheirweakjoints,Iheardafreshandtenderboughsuddenlyfalllikeafantotheground,whentherewasnotabreathofairstirring,brokenoffbyitsownweight. InAugust,thelargemassesofberries,which,wheninflower,hadattractedmanywildbees,graduallyassumedtheirbrightvelvetycrimsonhue,andbytheirweightagainbentdownandbrokethetenderlimbs. AsIsitatmywindowthissummerafternoon,hawksarecirclingaboutmyclearing;thetantivyofwildpigeons,flyingbytwoandthreesathwartmyview,orperchingrestlessonthewhitepineboughsbehindmyhouse,givesavoicetotheair;afishhawkdimplestheglassysurfaceofthepondandbringsupafish;aminkstealsoutofthemarshbeforemydoorandseizesafrogbytheshore;thesedgeisbendingundertheweightofthereed–birdsflittinghitherandthither;andforthelasthalf–hourIhaveheardtherattleofrailroadcars,nowdyingawayandthenrevivinglikethebeatofapartridge,conveyingtravellersfromBostontothecountry. ForIdidnotlivesooutoftheworldasthatboywho,asIhear,wasputouttoafarmerintheeastpartofthetown,buterelongranawayandcamehomeagain,quitedownattheheelandhomesick. Hehadneverseensuchadullandout–of–the–wayplace;thefolkswereallgoneoff;why,youcouldn'tevenhearthewhistle! IdoubtifthereissuchaplaceinMassachusettsnow:— "Intruth,ourvillagehasbecomeabutt Foroneofthosefleetrailroadshafts,ando'er Ourpeacefulplainitssoothingsoundis—Concord." TheFitchburgRailroadtouchesthepondaboutahundredrodssouthofwhereIdwell. Iusuallygotothevillagealongitscauseway,andam,asitwere,relatedtosocietybythislink. Themenonthefreighttrains,whogooverthewholelengthoftheroad,bowtomeastoanoldacquaintance,theypassmesooften,andapparentlytheytakemeforanemployee;andsoIam. Itoowouldfainbeatrack–repairersomewhereintheorbitoftheearth. Thewhistleofthelocomotivepenetratesmywoodssummerandwinter,soundinglikethescreamofahawksailingoversomefarmer'syard,informingmethatmanyrestlesscitymerchantsarearrivingwithinthecircleofthetown,oradventurouscountrytradersfromtheotherside. Astheycomeunderonehorizon,theyshouttheirwarningtogetoffthetracktotheother,heardsometimesthroughthecirclesoftwotowns. Herecomeyourgroceries,country;yourrations,countrymen! Noristhereanymansoindependentonhisfarmthathecansaythemnay.Andhere'syourpayforthem! screamsthecountryman'swhistle;timberlikelongbattering–ramsgoingtwentymilesanhouragainstthecity'swalls,andchairsenoughtoseatallthewearyandheavy–ladenthatdwellwithinthem. Withsuchhugeandlumberingcivilitythecountryhandsachairtothecity. AlltheIndianhuckleberryhillsarestripped,allthecranberrymeadowsarerakedintothecity. Upcomesthecotton,downgoesthewovencloth;upcomesthesilk,downgoesthewoollen;upcomethebooks,butdowngoesthewitthatwritesthem. WhenImeettheenginewithitstrainofcarsmovingoffwithplanetarymotion—or,rather,likeacomet,forthebeholderknowsnotifwiththatvelocityandwiththatdirectionitwilleverrevisitthissystem,sinceitsorbitdoesnotlooklikeareturningcurve—withitssteamcloudlikeabannerstreamingbehindingoldenandsilverwreaths,likemanyadownycloudwhichIhaveseen,highintheheavens,unfoldingitsmassestothelight—asifthistravelingdemigod,thiscloud–compeller,woulderelongtakethesunsetskyfortheliveryofhistrain;whenIheartheironhorsemakethehillsechowithhissnortlikethunder,shakingtheearthwithhisfeet,andbreathingfireandsmokefromhisnostrils(whatkindofwingedhorseorfierydragontheywillputintothenewMythologyIdon'tknow),itseemsasiftheearthhadgotaracenowworthytoinhabitit. Ifallwereasitseems,andmenmadetheelementstheirservantsfornobleends! Ifthecloudthathangsovertheengineweretheperspirationofheroicdeeds,orasbeneficentasthatwhichfloatsoverthefarmer'sfields,thentheelementsandNatureherselfwouldcheerfullyaccompanymenontheirerrandsandbetheirescort. IwatchthepassageofthemorningcarswiththesamefeelingthatIdotherisingofthesun,whichishardlymoreregular. Theirtrainofcloudsstretchingfarbehindandrisinghigherandhigher,goingtoheavenwhilethecarsaregoingtoBoston,concealsthesunforaminuteandcastsmydistantfieldintotheshade,acelestialtrainbesidewhichthepettytrainofcarswhichhugstheearthisbutthebarbofthespear. Thestableroftheironhorsewasupearlythiswintermorningbythelightofthestarsamidthemountains,tofodderandharnesshissteed. Fire,too,wasawakenedthusearlytoputthevitalheatinhimandgethimoff. Iftheenterprisewereasinnocentasitisearly! Ifthesnowliesdeep,theystraponhissnowshoes,and,withthegiantplow,plowafurrowfromthemountainstotheseaboard,inwhichthecars,likeafollowingdrill–barrow,sprinklealltherestlessmenandfloatingmerchandiseinthecountryforseed. Alldaythefire–steedfliesoverthecountry,stoppingonlythathismastermayrest,andIamawakenedbyhistrampanddefiantsnortatmidnight,wheninsomeremotegleninthewoodshefrontstheelementsincasediniceandsnow;andhewillreachhisstallonlywiththemorningstar,tostartoncemoreonhistravelswithoutrestorslumber. Orperchance,atevening,Ihearhiminhisstableblowingoffthesuperfluousenergyoftheday,thathemaycalmhisnervesandcoolhisliverandbrainforafewhoursofironslumber. Iftheenterprisewereasheroicandcommandingasitisprotractedandunwearied! Farthroughunfrequentedwoodsontheconfinesoftowns,whereonceonlythehunterpenetratedbyday,inthedarkestnightdartthesebrightsaloonswithouttheknowledgeoftheirinhabitants;thismomentstoppingatsomebrilliantstation–houseintownorcity,whereasocialcrowdisgathered,thenextintheDismalSwamp,scaringtheowlandfox. Thestartingsandarrivalsofthecarsarenowtheepochsinthevillageday. Theygoandcomewithsuchregularityandprecision,andtheirwhistlecanbeheardsofar,thatthefarmerssettheirclocksbythem,andthusonewell–conductedinstitutionregulatesawholecountry. Havenotmenimprovedsomewhatinpunctualitysincetherailroadwasinvented? Dotheynottalkandthinkfasterinthedepotthantheydidinthestage–office? Thereissomethingelectrifyingintheatmosphereoftheformerplace. Ihavebeenastonishedatthemiraclesithaswrought;thatsomeofmyneighbors,who,Ishouldhaveprophesied,onceforall,wouldnevergettoBostonbysopromptaconveyance,areonhandwhenthebellrings. Todothings"railroadfashion"isnowthebyword;anditisworththewhiletobewarnedsooftenandsosincerelybyanypowertogetoffitstrack. Thereisnostoppingtoreadtheriotact,nofiringovertheheadsofthemob,inthiscase. Wehaveconstructedafate,anAtropos,thatneverturnsaside.(Letthatbethenameofyourengine.) Menareadvertisedthatatacertainhourandminutetheseboltswillbeshottowardparticularpointsofthecompass;yetitinterfereswithnoman'sbusiness,andthechildrengotoschoolontheothertrack.Welivethesteadierforit. WearealleducatedthustobesonsofTell.Theairisfullofinvisiblebolts. Everypathbutyourownisthepathoffate.Keeponyourowntrack,then. Whatrecommendscommercetomeisitsenterpriseandbravery. ItdoesnotclaspitshandsandpraytoJupiter. Iseethesemeneverydaygoabouttheirbusinesswithmoreorlesscourageandcontent,doingmoreeventhantheysuspect,andperchancebetteremployedthantheycouldhaveconsciouslydevised. IamlessaffectedbytheirheroismwhostoodupforhalfanhourinthefrontlineatBuenaVista,thanbythesteadyandcheerfulvalorofthemenwhoinhabitthesnowplowfortheirwinterquarters;whohavenotmerelythethree–o'–clock–in–the–morningcourage,whichBonapartethoughtwastherarest,butwhosecouragedoesnotgotorestsoearly,whogotosleeponlywhenthestormsleepsorthesinewsoftheirironsteedarefrozen. OnthismorningoftheGreatSnow,perchance,whichisstillragingandchillingmen'sblood,Ibearthemuffledtoneoftheirenginebellfromoutthefogbankoftheirchilledbreath,whichannouncesthatthecarsarecoming,withoutlongdelay,notwithstandingthevetoofaNewEnglandnortheastsnow–storm,andIbeholdtheplowmencoveredwithsnowandrime,theirheadspeering,abovethemould–boardwhichisturningdownotherthandaisiesandthenestsoffieldmice,likebowldersoftheSierraNevada,thatoccupyanoutsideplaceintheuniverse. Commerceisunexpectedlyconfidentandserene,alert,adventurous,andunwearied. Itisverynaturalinitsmethodswithal,farmoresothanmanyfantasticenterprisesandsentimentalexperiments,andhenceitssingularsuccess. Iamrefreshedandexpandedwhenthefreighttrainrattlespastme,andIsmellthestoreswhichgodispensingtheirodorsallthewayfromLongWharftoLakeChamplain,remindingmeofforeignparts,ofcoralreefs,andIndianoceans,andtropicalclimes,andtheextentoftheglobe. Ifeelmorelikeacitizenoftheworldatthesightofthepalm–leafwhichwillcoversomanyflaxenNewEnglandheadsthenextsummer,theManillahempandcocoanuthusks,theoldjunk,gunnybags,scrapiron,andrustynails. Thiscarloadoftornsailsismorelegibleandinterestingnowthaniftheyshouldbewroughtintopaperandprintedbooks. Whocanwritesographicallythehistoryofthestormstheyhaveweatheredastheserentshavedone? Theyareproof–sheetswhichneednocorrection. HeregoeslumberfromtheMainewoods,whichdidnotgoouttoseainthelastfreshet,risenfourdollarsonthethousandbecauseofwhatdidgooutorwassplitup;pine,spruce,cedar—first,second,third,andfourthqualities,solatelyallofonequality,towaveoverthebear,andmoose,andcaribou. NextrollsThomastonlime,aprimelot,whichwillgetfaramongthehillsbeforeitgetsslacked. Theseragsinbales,ofallhuesandqualities,thelowestconditiontowhichcottonandlinendescend,thefinalresultofdress—ofpatternswhicharenownolongercriedup,unlessitbeinMilwaukee,asthosesplendidarticles,English,French,orAmericanprints,ginghams,muslins,etc.,gatheredfromallquartersbothoffashionandpoverty,goingtobecomepaperofonecolororafewshadesonly,onwhich,forsooth,willbewrittentalesofreallife,highandlow,andfoundedonfact! Thisclosedcarsmellsofsaltfish,thestrongNewEnglandandcommercialscent,remindingmeoftheGrandBanksandthefisheries. Whohasnotseenasaltfish,thoroughlycuredforthisworld,sothatnothingcanspoilit,andputting,theperseveranceofthesaintstotheblush? withwhichyoumaysweeporpavethestreets,andsplityourkindlings,andtheteamstershelterhimselfandhisladingagainstsun,wind,andrainbehindit—andthetrader,asaConcordtraderoncedid,hangitupbyhisdoorforasignwhenhecommencesbusiness,untilatlasthisoldestcustomercannottellsurelywhetheritbeanimal,vegetable,ormineral,andyetitshallbeaspureasasnowflake,andifitbeputintoapotandboiled,willcomeoutanexcellentdun–fishforaSaturday'sdinner. NextSpanishhides,withthetailsstillpreservingtheirtwistandtheangleofelevationtheyhadwhentheoxenthatworethemwerecareeringoverthepampasoftheSpanishMain—atypeofallobstinacy,andevincinghowalmosthopelessandincurableareallconstitutionalvices. Iconfess,thatpracticallyspeaking,whenIhavelearnedaman'srealdisposition,Ihavenohopesofchangingitforthebetterorworseinthisstateofexistence. AstheOrientalssay,"Acur'stailmaybewarmed,andpressed,andboundroundwithligatures,andafteratwelveyears'laborbestoweduponit,stillitwillretainitsnaturalform." Theonlyeffectualcureforsuchinveteraciesasthesetailsexhibitistomakeglueofthem,whichIbelieveiswhatisusuallydonewiththem,andthentheywillstayputandstick. HereisahogsheadofmolassesorofbrandydirectedtoJohnSmith,Cuttingsville,Vermont,sometraderamongtheGreenMountains,whoimportsforthefarmersnearhisclearing,andnowperchancestandsoverhisbulkheadandthinksofthelastarrivalsonthecoast,howtheymayaffectthepriceforhim,tellinghiscustomersthismoment,ashehastoldthemtwentytimesbeforethismorning,thatheexpectssomebythenexttrainofprimequality. ItisadvertisedintheCuttingsvilleTimes. Whilethesethingsgoupotherthingscomedown. Warnedbythewhizzingsound,Ilookupfrommybookandseesometallpine,hewnonfarnorthernhills,whichhaswingeditswayovertheGreenMountainsandtheConnecticut,shotlikeanarrowthroughthetownshipwithintenminutes,andscarceanothereyebeholdsit;going Andhark!herecomesthecattle–trainbearingthecattleofathousandhills,sheepcots,stables,andcow–yardsintheair,droverswiththeirsticks,andshepherdboysinthemidstoftheirflocks,allbutthemountainpastures,whirledalonglikeleavesblownfromthemountainsbytheSeptembergales. Theairisfilledwiththebleatingofcalvesandsheep,andthehustlingofoxen,asifapastoralvalleyweregoingby. Whentheoldbell–wetherattheheadrattleshisbell,themountainsdoindeedskiplikeramsandthelittlehillslikelambs. Acarloadofdrovers,too,inthemidst,onalevelwiththeirdrovesnow,theirvocationgone,butstillclingingtotheiruselesssticksastheirbadgeofoffice.Buttheirdogs,wherearethey? Itisastampedetothem;theyarequitethrownout;theyhavelostthescent. MethinksIhearthembarkingbehindthePeterboro'Hills,orpantingupthewesternslopeoftheGreenMountains.Theywillnotbeinatthedeath.Theirvocation,too,isgone. Theirfidelityandsagacityarebelowparnow. Theywillslinkbacktotheirkennelsindisgrace,orperchancerunwildandstrikealeaguewiththewolfandthefox. Soisyourpastorallifewhirledpastandaway. Butthebellrings,andImustgetoffthetrackandletthecarsgoby;— Andmakesbanksfortheswallows, Andtheblackberriesa–growing, butIcrossitlikeacart–pathinthewoods.Iwillnothavemyeyesputoutandmyearsspoiledbyitssmokeandsteamandhissing. Nowthatthecarsaregonebyandalltherestlessworldwiththem,andthefishesinthepondnolongerfeeltheirrumbling,Iammorealonethanever. Fortherestofthelongafternoon,perhaps,mymeditationsareinterruptedonlybythefaintrattleofacarriageorteamalongthedistanthighway. Sometimes,onSundays,Iheardthebells,theLincoln,Acton,Bedford,orConcordbell,whenthewindwasfavorable,afaint,sweet,and,asitwere,naturalmelody,worthimportingintothewilderness. Atasufficientdistanceoverthewoodsthissoundacquiresacertainvibratoryhum,asifthepineneedlesinthehorizonwerethestringsofaharpwhichitswept. Allsoundheardatthegreatestpossibledistanceproducesoneandthesameeffect,avibrationoftheuniversallyre,justastheinterveningatmospheremakesadistantridgeofearthinterestingtooureyesbytheazuretintitimpartstoit. Therecametomeinthiscaseamelodywhichtheairhadstrained,andwhichhadconversedwitheveryleafandneedleofthewood,thatportionofthesoundwhichtheelementshadtakenupandmodulatedandechoedfromvaletovale. Theechois,tosomeextent,anoriginalsound,andthereinisthemagicandcharmofit. Itisnotmerelyarepetitionofwhatwasworthrepeatinginthebell,butpartlythevoiceofthewood;thesametrivialwordsandnotessungbyawood–nymph. Atevening,thedistantlowingofsomecowinthehorizonbeyondthewoodssoundedsweetandmelodious,andatfirstIwouldmistakeitforthevoicesofcertainminstrelsbywhomIwassometimesserenaded,whomightbestrayingoverhillanddale;butsoonIwasnotunpleasantlydisappointedwhenitwasprolongedintothecheapandnaturalmusicofthecow. Idonotmeantobesatirical,buttoexpressmyappreciationofthoseyouths'singing,whenIstatethatIperceivedclearlythatitwasakintothemusicofthecow,andtheywereatlengthonearticulationofNature. Regularlyathalf–pastseven,inonepartofthesummer,aftertheeveningtrainhadgoneby,thewhip–poor–willschantedtheirvespersforhalfanhour,sittingonastumpbymydoor,orupontheridge–poleofthehouse. Theywouldbegintosingalmostwithasmuchprecisionasaclock,withinfiveminutesofaparticulartime,referredtothesettingofthesun,everyevening. Ihadarareopportunitytobecomeacquaintedwiththeirhabits. SometimesIheardfourorfiveatonceindifferentpartsofthewood,byaccidentoneabarbehindanother,andsonearmethatIdistinguishednotonlythecluckaftereachnote,butoftenthatsingularbuzzingsoundlikeaflyinaspider'sweb,onlyproportionallylouder. Sometimesonewouldcircleroundandroundmeinthewoodsafewfeetdistantasiftetheredbyastring,whenprobablyIwasnearitseggs. Theysangatintervalsthroughoutthenight,andwereagainasmusicalaseverjustbeforeandaboutdawn. Whenotherbirdsarestill,thescreechowlstakeupthestrain,likemourningwomentheirancientu–lu–lu. TheirdismalscreamistrulyBenJonsonian.Wisemidnighthags! Itisnohonestandblunttu–whittu–whoofthepoets,but,withoutjesting,amostsolemngraveyardditty,themutualconsolationsofsuicideloversrememberingthepangsandthedelightsofsupernalloveintheinfernalgroves. YetIlovetoheartheirwailing,theirdolefulresponses,trilledalongthewoodside;remindingmesometimesofmusicandsingingbirds;asifitwerethedarkandtearfulsideofmusic,theregretsandsighsthatwouldfainbesung. Theyarethespirits,thelowspiritsandmelancholyforebodings,offallensoulsthatonceinhumanshapenight–walkedtheearthanddidthedeedsofdarkness,nowexpiatingtheirsinswiththeirwailinghymnsorthrenodiesinthesceneryoftheirtransgressions. Theygivemeanewsenseofthevarietyandcapacityofthatnaturewhichisourcommondwelling. Oh–o–o–o–othatIneverhadbeenbor–r–r–r–n! sighsoneonthissideofthepond,andcircleswiththerestlessnessofdespairtosomenewperchonthegrayoaks.Then—thatIneverhadbeenbor–r–r–r–n! echoesanotheronthefarthersidewithtremuloussincerity,and—bor–r–r–r–n! comesfaintlyfromfarintheLincolnwoods. Iwasalsoserenadedbyahootingowl.NearathandyoucouldfancyitthemostmelancholysoundinNature,asifshemeantbythistostereotypeandmakepermanentinherchoirthedyingmoansofahumanbeing—somepoorweakrelicofmortalitywhohaslefthopebehind,andhowlslikeananimal,yetwithhumansobs,onenteringthedarkvalley,mademoreawfulbyacertaingurglingmelodiousness—IfindmyselfbeginningwiththelettersglwhenItrytoimitateit—expressiveofamindwhichhasreachedthegelatinous,mildewystageinthemortificationofallhealthyandcourageousthought. Itremindedmeofghoulsandidiotsandinsanehowlings. Butnowoneanswersfromfarwoodsinastrainmadereallymelodiousbydistance—Hoohoohoo,hoorerhoo;andindeedforthemostpartitsuggestedonlypleasingassociations,whetherheardbydayornight,summerorwinter. Irejoicethatthereareowls.Letthemdotheidioticandmaniacalhootingformen. Itisasoundadmirablysuitedtoswampsandtwilightwoodswhichnodayillustrates,suggestingavastandundevelopednaturewhichmenhavenotrecognized. Theyrepresentthestarktwilightandunsatisfiedthoughtswhichallhave. Alldaythesunhasshoneonthesurfaceofsomesavageswamp,wherethesinglesprucestandshungwithusnealichens,andsmallhawkscirculateabove,andthechickadeelispsamidtheevergreens,andthepartridgeandrabbitskulkbeneath;butnowamoredismalandfittingdaydawns,andadifferentraceofcreaturesawakestoexpressthemeaningofNaturethere. LateintheeveningIheardthedistantrumblingofwagonsoverbridges—asoundheardfartherthanalmostanyotheratnight—thebayingofdogs,andsometimesagainthelowingofsomedisconsolatecowinadistantbarn–yard. Inthemean–whilealltheshorerangwiththetrumpofbullfrogs,thesturdyspiritsofancientwine–bibbersandwassailers,stillunrepentant,tryingtosingacatchintheirStygianlake—iftheWaldennymphswillpardonthecomparison,forthoughtherearealmostnoweeds,therearefrogsthere—whowouldfainkeepupthehilariousrulesoftheiroldfestaltables,thoughtheirvoiceshavewaxedhoarseandsolemnlygrave,mockingatmirth,andthewinehaslostitsflavor,andbecomeonlyliquortodistendtheirpaunches,andsweetintoxicationnevercomestodrownthememoryofthepast,butmeresaturationandwaterloggednessanddistention. Themostaldermanic,withhischinuponaheart–leaf,whichservesforanapkintohisdroolingchaps,underthisnorthernshorequaffsadeepdraughtoftheoncescornedwater,andpassesroundthecupwiththeejaculationtr–r–r–oonk,tr–r–r—oonk,tr–r–r–oonk! andstraightwaycomesoverthewaterfromsomedistantcovethesamepasswordrepeated,wherethenextinseniorityandgirthhasgulpeddowntohismark;andwhenthisobservancehasmadethecircuitoftheshores,thenejaculatesthemasterofceremonies,withsatisfaction,tr–r–r–oonk! andeachinhisturnrepeatsthesamedowntotheleastdistended,leakiest,andflabbiestpaunched,thattherebenomistake;andthenthehowlgoesroundagainandagain,untilthesundispersesthemorningmist,andonlythepatriarchisnotunderthepond,butvainlybellowingtroonkfromtimetotime,andpausingforareply. IamnotsurethatIeverheardthesoundofcock–crowingfrommyclearing,andIthoughtthatitmightbeworththewhiletokeepacockerelforhismusicmerely,asasingingbird. ThenoteofthisoncewildIndianpheasantiscertainlythemostremarkableofanybird's,andiftheycouldbenaturalizedwithoutbeingdomesticated,itwouldsoonbecomethemostfamoussoundinourwoods,surpassingtheclangorofthegooseandthehootingoftheowl;andthenimaginethecacklingofthehenstofillthepauseswhentheirlords'clarionsrested! Nowonderthatmanaddedthisbirdtohistamestock—tosaynothingoftheeggsanddrumsticks. Towalkinawintermorninginawoodwherethesebirdsabounded,theirnativewoods,andhearthewildcockerelscrowonthetrees,clearandshrillformilesovertheresoundingearth,drowningthefeeblernotesofotherbirds—thinkofit!Itwouldputnationsonthealert. Whowouldnotbeearlytorise,andriseearlierandearliereverysuccessivedayofhislife,tillhebecameunspeakablyhealthy,wealthy,andwise? Thisforeignbird'snoteiscelebratedbythepoetsofallcountriesalongwiththenotesoftheirnativesongsters. AllclimatesagreewithbraveChanticleer. Heismoreindigenouseventhanthenatives. Hishealthisevergood,hislungsaresound,hisspiritsneverflag. EventhesailorontheAtlanticandPacificisawakenedbyhisvoice;butitsshrillsoundneverrousedmefrommyslumbers. Ikeptneitherdog,cat,cow,pig,norhens,sothatyouwouldhavesaidtherewasadeficiencyofdomesticsounds;neitherthechurn,northespinning–wheel,noreventhesingingofthekettle,northehissingoftheurn,norchildrencrying,tocomfortone. Anold–fashionedmanwouldhavelosthissensesordiedofennuibeforethis. Notevenratsinthewall,fortheywerestarvedout,orratherwereneverbaitedin—onlysquirrelsontheroofandunderthefloor,awhip–poor–willontheridge–pole,abluejayscreamingbeneaththewindow,ahareorwoodchuckunderthehouse,ascreechowloracatowlbehindit,aflockofwildgeeseoralaughingloononthepond,andafoxtobarkinthenight. Notevenalarkoranoriole,thosemildplantationbirds,evervisitedmyclearing. Nocockerelstocrownorhenstocackleintheyard.Noyard! butunfencednaturereachinguptoyourverysills. Ayoungforestgrowingupunderyourmeadows,andwildsumachsandblackberryvinesbreakingthroughintoyourcellar;sturdypitchpinesrubbingandcreakingagainsttheshinglesforwantofroom,theirrootsreachingquiteunderthehouse. Insteadofascuttleorablindblownoffinthegale—apinetreesnappedoffortornupbytherootsbehindyourhouseforfuel. Insteadofnopathtothefront–yardgateintheGreatSnow—nogate—nofront–yard—andnopathtothecivilizedworld.