DuringthistimethatJurgiswaslookingforworkoccurredthedeathoflittleKristoforas,oneofthechildrenofTetaElzbieta. BothKristoforasandhisbrother,Juozapas,werecripples,thelatterhavinglostonelegbyhavingitrunover,andKristoforashavingcongenitaldislocationofthehip,whichmadeitimpossibleforhimevertowalk. HewasthelastofTetaElzbieta’schildren,andperhapshehadbeenintendedbynaturetoletherknowthatshehadhadenough. Atanyratehewaswretchedlysickandundersized;hehadtherickets,andthoughhewasoverthreeyearsold,hewasnobiggerthananordinarychildofone. Alldaylonghewouldcrawlaroundthefloorinafilthylittledress,whiningandfretting;becausethefloorwasfullofdraftshewasalwayscatchingcold,andsnufflingbecausehisnoseran. Thismadehimanuisance,andasourceofendlesstroubleinthefamily. Forhismother,withunnaturalperversity,lovedhimbestofallherchildren,andmadeaperpetualfussoverhim—wouldlethimdoanythingundisturbed,andwouldburstintotearswhenhisfrettingdroveJurgiswild. Andnowhedied.Perhapsitwasthesmokedsausagehehadeatenthatmorning—whichmayhavebeenmadeoutofsomeofthetubercularporkthatwascondemncdasunfitforexport. Atanyrate,anhouraftereatingit,thechildhadbeguntocrywithpain,andinanotherhourhewasrollingaboutonthefloorinconvulsions. LittleKotrina,whowasallalonewithhim,ranoutscreamingforhelp,andafterawhileadoctorcame,butnotuntilKristoforashadhowledhislasthowl. NoonewasreallysorryaboutthisexceptpoorElzbieta,whowasinconsolable. Jurgisannouncedthatsofarashewasconcernedthechildwouldhavetobeburiedbythecity,sincetheyhadnomoneyforafuneral;andatthisthepoorwomanalmostwentoutofhersenses,wringingherhandsandscreamingwithgriefanddespair. Herchildtobeburiedinapauper’sgrave! Andherstepdaughtertostandbyandhearitsaidwithoutprotesting! ItwasenoughtomakeOna’sfatherriseupoutofhisgravetorebukeher! Ifithadcometothis,theymightaswellgiveupatonce,andbeburiedallofthemtogether! ...IntheendMarijasaidthatshewouldhelpwithtendollars;andJurgisbeingstillobdurate,Elzbietawentintearsandbeggedthemoneyfromtheneighbors,andsolittleKristoforashadamassandahearsewithwhiteplumesonit,andatinyplotinagraveyardwithawoodencrosstomarktheplace. Thepoormotherwasnotthesameformonthsafterthat;themeresightofthefloorwherelittleKristoforashadcrawledaboutwouldmakeherweep. Hehadneverhadafairchance,poorlittlefellow,shewouldsay.Hehadbeenhandicappedfromhisbirth. Ifonlyshehadheardaboutitintime,sothatshemighthavehadthatgreatdoctortocurehimofhislameness! ...Sometimeago,Elzbietawastold,aChicagobillionairehadpaidafortunetobringagreatEuropeansurgeonovertocurehislittledaughterofthesamediseasefromwhichKristoforashadsuffered. Andbecausethissurgeonhadtohavebodiestodemonstrateupon,heannouncedthathewouldtreatthechildrenofthepoor,apieceofmagnanimityoverwhichthepapersbecamequiteeloquent. Elzbieta,alas,didnotreadthepapers,andnoonehadtoldher;butperhapsitwasaswell,forjustthentheywouldnothavehadthecarfaretosparetogoeverydaytowaituponthesurgeon,norforthatmatteranybodywiththetimetotakethechild. Allthiswhilethathewasseekingforwork,therewasadarkshadowhangingoverJurgis;asifasavagebeastwerelurkingsomewhereinthepathwayofhislife,andheknewit,andyetcouldnothelpapproachingtheplace. ThereareallstagesofbeingoutofworkinPackingtown,andhefacedindreadtheprospectofreachingthelowest. Thereisaplacethatwaitsforthelowestman—thefertilizerplant! Themenwouldtalkaboutitinawe-strickenwhispers. Notmorethanoneintenhadeverreallytriedit;theotherninehadcontentedthemselveswithhearsayevidenceandapeepthroughthedoor. Thereweresomethingsworsethanevenstarvingtodeath. TheywouldaskJurgisifhehadworkedthereyet,andifhemeantto;andJurgiswoulddebatethematterwithhimself. Aspoorastheywere,andmakingallthesacrificesthattheywere,wouldhedaretorefuseanysortofworkthatwasofferedtohim,beitashorribleaseveritcould? WouldhedaretogohomeandeatbreadthathadbeenearnedbyOna,weakandcomplainingasshewas,knowingthathehadbeengivenachance,andhadnothadthenervetotakeit? —Andyethemightarguethatwaywithhimselfallday,andoneglimpseintothefertilizerworkswouldsendhimawayagainshuddering. Hewasaman,andhewoulddohisduty;hewentandmadeapplication—butsurelyhewasnotalsorequiredtohopeforsuccess! ThefertilizerworksofDurham’slayawayfromtherestoftheplant. Fewvisitorseversawthem,andthefewwhodidwouldcomeoutlookinglikeDante,ofwhomthepeasantsdeclaredthathehadbeenintohell. Tothispartoftheyardscameallthe“tankage”andthewasteproductsofallsorts;heretheydriedoutthebones,—andinsuffocatingcellarswherethedaylightnevercameyoumightseemenandwomenandchildrenbendingoverwhirlingmachinesandsawingbitsofboneintoallsortsofshapes,breathingtheirlungsfullofthefinedust,anddoomedtodie,everyoneofthem,withinacertaindefinitetime. Heretheymadethebloodintoalbumen,andmadeotherfoul-smellingthingsintothingsstillmorefoul-smelling. InthecorridorsandcavernswhereitwasdoneyoumightloseyourselfasinthegreatcavesofKentucky. Inthedustandthesteamtheelectriclightswouldshinelikefar-offtwinklingstars—redandblue-greenandpurplestars,accordingtothecolorofthemistandthebrewfromwhichitcame. FortheodorsoftheseghastlycharnelhousestheremaybewordsinLithuanian,buttherearenoneinEnglish. Thepersonenteringwouldhavetosummonhiscourageasforacold-waterplunge. Hewouldgoinlikeamanswimmingunderwater;hewouldputhishandkerchiefoverhisface,andbegintocoughandchoke;andthen,ifhewerestillobstinate,hewouldfindhisheadbeginningtoring,andtheveinsinhisforeheadtothrob,untilfinallyhewouldbeassailedbyanoverpoweringblastofammoniafumes,andwouldturnandrunforhislife,andcomeouthalf-dazed. Ontopofthisweretheroomswheretheydriedthe“tankage,”themassofbrownstringystuffthatwasleftafterthewasteportionsofthecarcasseshadhadthelardandtallowdriedoutofthem. Thisdriedmaterialtheywouldthengrindtoafinepowder,andaftertheyhadmixeditupwellwithamysteriousbutinoffensivebrownrockwhichtheybroughtinandgroundupbythehundredsofcarloadsforthatpurpose,thesubstancewasreadytobeputintobagsandsentouttotheworldasanyoneofahundreddifferentbrandsofstandardbonephosphate. AndthenthefarmerinMaineorCaliforniaorTexaswouldbuythis,atsaytwenty-fivedollarsaton,andplantitwithhiscorn;andforseveraldaysaftertheoperationthefieldswouldhaveastrongodor,andthefarmerandhiswagonandtheveryhorsesthathadhauleditwouldallhaveittoo. InPackingtownthefertilizerispure,insteadofbeingaflavoring,andinsteadofatonorsospreadoutonseveralacresundertheopensky,therearehundredsandthousandsoftonsofitinonebuilding,heapedhereandthereinhaystackpiles,coveringthefloorseveralinchesdeep,andfillingtheairwithachokingdustthatbecomesablindingsandstormwhenthewindstirs. ItwastothisbuildingthatJurgiscamedaily,asifdraggedbyanunseenhand. ThemonthofMaywasanexceptionallycoolone,andhissecretprayersweregranted;butearlyinJunetherecamearecord-breakinghotspell,andafterthatthereweremenwantedinthefertilizermill. ThebossofthegrindingroomhadcometoknowJurgisbythistime,andhadmarkedhimforalikelyman;andsowhenhecametothedoorabouttwoo’clockthisbreathlesshotday,hefeltasuddenspasmofpainshootthroughhim—thebossbeckonedtohim! IntenminutesmoreJurgishadpulledoffhiscoatandovershirt,andsethisteethtogetherandgonetowork. Herewasonemoredifficultyforhimtomeetandconquer! Hislabortookhimaboutoneminutetolearn. Beforehimwasoneoftheventsofthemillinwhichthefertilizerwasbeingground—rushingforthinagreatbrownriver,withasprayofthefinestdustflungforthinclouds. Jurgiswasgivenashovel,andalongwithhalfadozenothersitwashistasktoshovelthisfertilizerintocarts. Thatotherswereatworkheknewbythesound,andbythefactthathesometimescollidedwiththem;otherwisetheymightaswellnothavebeenthere,forintheblindingduststormamancouldnotseesixfeetinfrontofhisface. Whenhehadfilledonecarthehadtogropearoundhimuntilanothercame,andiftherewasnoneonhandhecontinuedtogropetillonearrived. Infiveminuteshewas,ofcourse,amassoffertilizerfromheadtofeet;theygavehimaspongetotieoverhismouth,sothathecouldbreathe,butthespongedidnotpreventhislipsandeyelidsfromcakingupwithitandhisearsfromfillingsolid. Helookedlikeabrownghostattwilight—fromhairtoshoeshebecamethecolorofthebuildingandofeverythinginit,andforthatmatterahundredyardsoutsideit. Thebuildinghadtobeleftopen,andwhenthewindblewDurhamandCompanylostagreatdealoffertilizer. Workinginhisshirtsleeves,andwiththethermometeratoverahundred,thephosphatessoakedinthrougheveryporeofJurgis’skin,andinfiveminuteshehadaheadache,andinfifteenwasalmostdazed. Thebloodwaspoundinginhisbrainlikeanengine’sthrobbing;therewasafrightfulpaininthetopofhisskull,andhecouldhardlycontrolhishands. Still,withthememoryofhisfourmonths’siegebehindhim,hefoughton,inafrenzyofdetermination;andhalfanhourlaterhebegantovomit—hevomiteduntilitseemedasifhisinwardsmustbetornintoshreds. Amancouldgetusedtothefertilizermill,thebosshadsaid,ifhewouldmakeuphismindtoit;butJurgisnowbegantoseethatitwasaquestionofmakinguphisstomach. Attheendofthatdayofhorror,hecouldscarcelystand. Hehadtocatchhimselfnowandthen,andleanagainstabuildingandgethisbearings. Mostofthemen,whentheycameout,madestraightforasaloon—theyseemedtoplacefertilizerandrattlesnakepoisoninoneclass. ButJurgiswastooilltothinkofdrinking—hecouldonlymakehiswaytothestreetandstaggerontoacar. Hehadasenseofhumor,andlateron,whenhebecameanoldhand,heusedtothinkitfuntoboardastreetcarandseewhathappened. Now,however,hewastooilltonoticeit—howthepeopleinthecarbegantogaspandsputter,toputtheirhandkerchiefstotheirnoses,andtransfixhimwithfuriousglances. Jurgisonlyknewthatamaninfrontofhimimmediatelygotupandgavehimaseat;andthathalfaminutelaterthetwopeopleoneachsideofhimgotup;andthatinafullminutethecrowdedcarwasnearlyempty—thosepassengerswhocouldnotgetroomontheplatformhavinggottenouttowalk. OfcourseJurgishadmadehishomeaminiaturefertilizermillaminuteafterentering. Thestuffwashalfaninchdeepinhisskin—hiswholesystemwasfullofit,anditwouldhavetakenaweeknotmerelyofscrubbing,butofvigorousexercise,togetitoutofhim. Asitwas,hecouldbecomparedwithnothingknowntomen,savethatnewestdiscoveryofthesavants,asubstancewhichemitsenergyforanunlimitedtime,withoutbeingitselfintheleastdiminishedinpower. Hesmelledsothathemadeallthefoodatthetabletaste,andsetthewholefamilytovomiting;forhimselfitwasthreedaysbeforehecouldkeepanythinguponhisstomach—hemightwashhishands,anduseaknifeandfork,butwerenothismouthandthroatfilledwiththepoison? AndstillJurgisstuckitout!Inspiteofsplittingheadacheshewouldstaggerdowntotheplantandtakeuphisstandoncemore,andbegintoshovelintheblindingcloudsofdust. Andsoattheendoftheweekhewasafertilizermanforlife—hewasabletoeatagain,andthoughhisheadneverstoppedaching,itceasedtobesobadthathecouldnotwork. Sotherepassedanothersummer.Itwasasummerofprosperity,alloverthecountry,andthecountryategenerouslyofpackinghouseproducts,andtherewasplentyofworkforallthefamily,inspiteofthepackers’effortstokeepasuperfluityoflabor. Theywereagainabletopaytheirdebtsandtobegintosavealittlesum;buttherewereoneortwosacrificestheyconsideredtooheavytobemadeforlong—itwastoobadthattheboysshouldhavetosellpapersattheirage. Itwasutterlyuselesstocautionthemandpleadwiththem;quitewithoutknowingit,theyweretakingonthetoneoftheirnewenvironment. TheywerelearningtoswearinvolubleEnglish;theywerelearningtopickupcigarstumpsandsmokethem,topasshoursoftheirtimegamblingwithpenniesanddiceandcigarettecards;theywerelearningthelocationofallthehousesofprostitutiononthe“Levee,”andthenamesofthe“madames”whokeptthem,andthedayswhentheygavetheirstatebanquets,whichthepolicecaptainsandthebigpoliticiansallattended. Ifavisiting“countrycustomer”weretoaskthem,theycouldshowhimwhichwas“Hinkydink’s”famoussaloon,andcouldevenpointouttohimbynamethedifferentgamblersandthugsand“hold-upmen”whomadetheplacetheirheadquarters. Andworseyet,theboysweregettingoutofthehabitofcominghomeatnight. Whatwastheuse,theywouldask,ofwastingtimeandenergyandapossiblecarfareridingouttothestockyardseverynightwhentheweatherwaspleasantandtheycouldcrawlunderatruckorintoanemptydoorwayandsleepexactlyaswell? Solongastheybroughthomeahalfdollarforeachday,whatmattereditwhentheybroughtit? ButJurgisdeclaredthatfromthistoceasingtocomeatallwouldnotbeaverylongstep,andsoitwasdecidedthatVilimasandNikalojusshouldreturntoschoolinthefall,andthatinsteadElzbietashouldgooutandgetsomework,herplaceathomebeingtakenbyheryoungerdaughter. LittleKotrinawaslikemostchildrenofthepoor,prematurelymadeold;shehadtotakecareofherlittlebrother,whowasacripple,andalsoofthebaby;shehadtocookthemealsandwashthedishesandcleanhouse,andhavesupperreadywhentheworkerscamehomeintheevening. Shewasonlythirteen,andsmallforherage,butshedidallthiswithoutamurmur;andhermotherwentout,andaftertrudgingacoupleofdaysabouttheyards,settleddownasaservantofa“sausagemachine.” Elzbietawasusedtoworking,butshefoundthischangeahardone,forthereasonthatshehadtostandmotionlessuponherfeetfromseveno’clockinthemorningtillhalf-pasttwelve,andagainfromonetillhalf-pastfive. Forthefirstfewdaysitseemedtoherthatshecouldnotstandit—shesufferedalmostasmuchasJurgishadfromthefertilizer,andwouldcomeoutatsundownwithherheadfairlyreeling. Besidesthis,shewasworkinginoneofthedarkholes,byelectriclight,andthedampness,too,wasdeadly—therewerealwayspuddlesofwateronthefloor,andasickeningodorofmoistfleshintheroom. Thepeoplewhoworkedherefollowedtheancientcustomofnature,wherebytheptarmiganisthecolorofdeadleavesinthefallandofsnowinthewinter,andthechameleon,whoisblackwhenheliesuponastumpandturnsgreenwhenhemovestoaleaf. Themenandwomenwhoworkedinthisdepartmentwerepreciselythecolorofthe“freshcountrysausage”theymade. Thesausage-roomwasaninterestingplacetovisit,fortwoorthreeminutes,andprovidedthatyoudidnotlookatthepeople;themachineswereperhapsthemostwonderfulthingsintheentireplant. Presumablysausageswereoncechoppedandstuffedbyhand,andifsoitwouldbeinterestingtoknowhowmanyworkershadbeendisplacedbytheseinventions. Ononesideoftheroomwerethehoppers,intowhichmenshoveledloadsofmeatandwheelbarrowsfullofspices;inthesegreatbowlswerewhirlingknivesthatmadetwothousandrevolutionsaminute,andwhenthemeatwasgroundfineandadulteratedwithpotatoflour,andwellmixedwithwater,itwasforcedtothestuffingmachinesontheothersideoftheroom. Thelatterweretendedbywomen;therewasasortofspout,likethenozzleofahose,andoneofthewomenwouldtakealongstringof“casing”andputtheendoverthenozzleandthenworkthewholethingon,asoneworksonthefingerofatightglove. Thisstringwouldbetwentyorthirtyfeetlong,butthewomanwouldhaveitalloninajiffy;andwhenshehadseveralon,shewouldpressalever,andastreamofsausagemeatwouldbeshotout,takingthecasingwithitasitcame. Thusonemightstandandseeappear,miraculouslybornfromthemachine,awrigglingsnakeofsausageofincrediblelength. Infrontwasabigpanwhichcaughtthesecreatures,andtwomorewomenwhoseizedthemasfastastheyappearedandtwistedthemintolinks. Thiswasfortheuninitiatedthemostperplexingworkofall;forallthatthewomanhadtogivewasasingleturnofthewrist;andinsomewayshecontrivedtogiveitsothatinsteadofanendlesschainofsausages,oneafteranother,theregrewunderherhandsabunchofstrings,alldanglingfromasinglecenter. Itwasquitelikethefeatofaprestidigitator—forthewomanworkedsofastthattheeyecouldliterallynotfollowher,andtherewasonlyamistofmotion,andtangleaftertangleofsausagesappearing. Inthemidstofthemist,however,thevisitorwouldsuddenlynoticethetensesetface,withthetwowrinklesgravenintheforehead,andtheghastlypallorofthecheeks;andthenhewouldsuddenlyrecollectthatitwastimehewasgoingon. Thewomandidnotgoon;shestayedrightthere—hourafterhour,dayafterday,yearafteryear,twistingsausagelinksandracingwithdeath. Itwaspiecework,andshewasapttohaveafamilytokeepalive;andsternandruthlesseconomiclawshadarrangeditthatshecouldonlydothisbyworkingjustasshedid,withallhersouluponherwork,andwithneveraninstantforaglanceatthewell-dressedladiesandgentlemenwhocametostareather,asatsomewildbeastinamenagerie.